Details
Stereochemistry | ACHIRAL |
Molecular Formula | C14H22N2O |
Molecular Weight | 234.3373 |
Optical Activity | NONE |
Defined Stereocenters | 0 / 0 |
E/Z Centers | 0 |
Charge | 0 |
SHOW SMILES / InChI
SMILES
CCN(CC)CC(=O)NC1=C(C)C=CC=C1C
InChI
InChIKey=NNJVILVZKWQKPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N
InChI=1S/C14H22N2O/c1-5-16(6-2)10-13(17)15-14-11(3)8-7-9-12(14)4/h7-9H,5-6,10H2,1-4H3,(H,15,17)
Lidocaine is a local anesthetic and cardiac depressant used to numb tissue in a specific area and for management of cardiac arrhythmias, particularly those of ventricular origins, such as occur with acute myocardial infarction. Lidocaine alters signal conduction in neurons by blocking the fast voltage-gated Na+ channels in the neuronal cell membrane responsible for signal propagation. With sufficient blockage, the membrane of the postsynaptic neuron will not depolarize and will thus fail to transmit an action potential. This creates the anesthetic effect by not merely preventing pain signals from propagating to the brain, but by stopping them before they begin. Careful titration allows for a high degree of selectivity in the blockage of sensory neurons, whereas higher concentrations also affect other modalities of neuron signaling. Lidocaine exerts an antiarrhythmic effect by increasing the electrical stimulation threshold of the ventricle during diastole. In usual therapeutic doses, lidocaine hydrochloride produces no change in myocardial contractility, in systemic arterial pressure, or an absolute refractory period. The efficacy profile of lidocaine as a local anesthetic is characterized by a rapid onset of action and intermediate duration of efficacy. Therefore, lidocaine is suitable for infiltration, block, and surface anesthesia. Longer-acting substances such as bupivacaine are sometimes given preference for spinal and epidural anesthesias; lidocaine, though, has the advantage of a rapid onset of action. Lidocaine is also the most important class-1b antiarrhythmic drug; it is used intravenously for the treatment of ventricular arrhythmias (for acute myocardial infarction, digoxin poisoning, cardioversion, or cardiac catheterization) if amiodarone is not available or contraindicated. Lidocaine should be given for this indication after defibrillation, CPR, and vasopressors have been initiated. A routine preventative dose is no longer recommended after a myocardial infarction as the overall benefit is not convincing. Inhaled lidocaine can be used as a cough suppressor acting peripherally to reduce the cough reflex. This application can be implemented as a safety and comfort measure for patients who have to be intubated, as it reduces the incidence of coughing and any tracheal damage it might cause when emerging from anesthesia. Adverse drug reactions (ADRs) are rare when lidocaine is used as a local anesthetic and is administered correctly. Most ADRs associated with lidocaine for anesthesia relate to administration technique (resulting in systemic exposure) or pharmacological effects of anesthesia, and allergic reactions only rarely occur. Systemic exposure to excessive quantities of lidocaine mainly result in a central nervous system (CNS) and cardiovascular effects – CNS effects usually occur at lower blood plasma concentrations and additional cardiovascular effects present at higher concentrations, though cardiovascular collapse may also occur with low concentrations.
CNS Activity
Originator
Approval Year
Targets
Primary Target | Pharmacology | Condition | Potency |
---|---|---|---|
Target ID: CHEMBL2096682 Sources: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2579237 |
240.0 µM [IC50] | ||
Target ID: CHEMBL5163 Sources: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24440379 |
10.5 µM [IC50] | ||
Target ID: CHEMBL2072 Sources: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24440379 |
2.0 µM [IC50] | ||
Target ID: CHEMBL4296 Sources: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24440379 |
29.0 µM [IC50] |
Conditions
Condition | Modality | Targets | Highest Phase | Product |
---|---|---|---|---|
Primary | XYLOCAINE Approved UseINDICATIONS & USAGE Lidocaine Hydrochloride Oral Topical Solution USP, 2% (Viscous) is indicated for the production of topical anesthesia of irritated or inflamed mucous membranes of the mouth and pharynx. It is also useful for reducing gagging during the taking of X-ray pictures and dental impressions. Launch Date1951 |
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Primary | VIAFLEX Approved UseIndications and Usage Lidocaine hydrochloride administered intravenously is specifically indicated in the acute management of (1) ventricular arrhythmias occurring during cardiac manipulations, such as cardiac surgery and (2) life-threatening arrhythmias which are ventricular in origin, such as occur during acute myocardial infarction. Launch Date1984 |
Cmax
Value | Dose | Co-administered | Analyte | Population |
---|---|---|---|---|
212 ng/mL EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12455305/ |
84 mg 1 times / day steady-state, topical dose: 84 mg route of administration: Topical experiment type: STEADY-STATE co-administered: |
LIDOCAINE plasma | Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: FEMALE / MALE food status: UNKNOWN |
|
231 ng/mL EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12455305/ |
84 mg 2 times / day steady-state, topical dose: 84 mg route of administration: Topical experiment type: STEADY-STATE co-administered: |
LIDOCAINE plasma | Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: FEMALE / MALE food status: UNKNOWN |
AUC
Value | Dose | Co-administered | Analyte | Population |
---|---|---|---|---|
4100 ng × h/mL EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12455305/ |
84 mg 1 times / day steady-state, topical dose: 84 mg route of administration: Topical experiment type: STEADY-STATE co-administered: |
LIDOCAINE plasma | Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: FEMALE / MALE food status: UNKNOWN |
|
4704 ng × h/mL EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12455305/ |
84 mg 2 times / day steady-state, topical dose: 84 mg route of administration: Topical experiment type: STEADY-STATE co-administered: |
LIDOCAINE plasma | Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: FEMALE / MALE food status: UNKNOWN |
T1/2
Value | Dose | Co-administered | Analyte | Population |
---|---|---|---|---|
6.81 h EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12455305/ |
84 mg 1 times / day steady-state, topical dose: 84 mg route of administration: Topical experiment type: STEADY-STATE co-administered: |
LIDOCAINE plasma | Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: FEMALE / MALE food status: UNKNOWN |
|
7.94 h EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12455305/ |
84 mg 2 times / day steady-state, topical dose: 84 mg route of administration: Topical experiment type: STEADY-STATE co-administered: |
LIDOCAINE plasma | Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: FEMALE / MALE food status: UNKNOWN |
Doses
Dose | Population | Adverse events |
---|---|---|
2 mg 1 times / day steady, intravenous Dose: 2 mg, 1 times / day Route: intravenous Route: steady Dose: 2 mg, 1 times / day Sources: |
unhealthy, 17 - 66 years n = 68 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: chronic daily headache and chronic cluster headache Age Group: 17 - 66 years Sex: M+F Population Size: 68 Sources: |
Other AEs: Nausea and vomiting, Hallucinations... Other AEs: Nausea and vomiting (1%) Sources: Hallucinations (8 patients) Tachycardia (4 patients) Tremor (3 patients) Hypotension (2 patients) Light-headed (1 patient) Phlebitis (1 patient) Hypertension (1 patient) |
800 mg single, intravenous Overdose Dose: 800 mg Route: intravenous Route: single Dose: 800 mg Sources: |
unhealthy, 57 years n = 1 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: hypertensive, severe precordial pain Age Group: 57 years Sex: M Population Size: 1 Sources: |
Disc. AE: Death... AEs leading to discontinuation/dose reduction: Death (grade 5, 1.6%) Sources: |
700 mg 1 times / day steady, transdermal Recommended Dose: 700 mg, 1 times / day Route: transdermal Route: steady Dose: 700 mg, 1 times / day Sources: |
unhealthy, adult n = 404 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: Neuropathic pain Age Group: adult Sex: unknown Population Size: 404 Sources: |
|
5 % 1 times / day steady, transdermal Dose: 5 %, 1 times / day Route: transdermal Route: steady Dose: 5 %, 1 times / day Sources: |
unhealthy, adult n = 300 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: post-herpetic neuralgia and diabetic polyneuropathy Age Group: adult Sex: M+F Population Size: 300 Sources: |
Disc. AE: Headache, Application site irritation... AEs leading to discontinuation/dose reduction: Headache (2 patients) Sources: Application site irritation (2 patients) |
AEs
AE | Significance | Dose | Population |
---|---|---|---|
Hypertension | 1 patient | 2 mg 1 times / day steady, intravenous Dose: 2 mg, 1 times / day Route: intravenous Route: steady Dose: 2 mg, 1 times / day Sources: |
unhealthy, 17 - 66 years n = 68 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: chronic daily headache and chronic cluster headache Age Group: 17 - 66 years Sex: M+F Population Size: 68 Sources: |
Light-headed | 1 patient | 2 mg 1 times / day steady, intravenous Dose: 2 mg, 1 times / day Route: intravenous Route: steady Dose: 2 mg, 1 times / day Sources: |
unhealthy, 17 - 66 years n = 68 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: chronic daily headache and chronic cluster headache Age Group: 17 - 66 years Sex: M+F Population Size: 68 Sources: |
Phlebitis | 1 patient | 2 mg 1 times / day steady, intravenous Dose: 2 mg, 1 times / day Route: intravenous Route: steady Dose: 2 mg, 1 times / day Sources: |
unhealthy, 17 - 66 years n = 68 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: chronic daily headache and chronic cluster headache Age Group: 17 - 66 years Sex: M+F Population Size: 68 Sources: |
Nausea and vomiting | 1% | 2 mg 1 times / day steady, intravenous Dose: 2 mg, 1 times / day Route: intravenous Route: steady Dose: 2 mg, 1 times / day Sources: |
unhealthy, 17 - 66 years n = 68 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: chronic daily headache and chronic cluster headache Age Group: 17 - 66 years Sex: M+F Population Size: 68 Sources: |
Hypotension | 2 patients | 2 mg 1 times / day steady, intravenous Dose: 2 mg, 1 times / day Route: intravenous Route: steady Dose: 2 mg, 1 times / day Sources: |
unhealthy, 17 - 66 years n = 68 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: chronic daily headache and chronic cluster headache Age Group: 17 - 66 years Sex: M+F Population Size: 68 Sources: |
Tremor | 3 patients | 2 mg 1 times / day steady, intravenous Dose: 2 mg, 1 times / day Route: intravenous Route: steady Dose: 2 mg, 1 times / day Sources: |
unhealthy, 17 - 66 years n = 68 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: chronic daily headache and chronic cluster headache Age Group: 17 - 66 years Sex: M+F Population Size: 68 Sources: |
Tachycardia | 4 patients | 2 mg 1 times / day steady, intravenous Dose: 2 mg, 1 times / day Route: intravenous Route: steady Dose: 2 mg, 1 times / day Sources: |
unhealthy, 17 - 66 years n = 68 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: chronic daily headache and chronic cluster headache Age Group: 17 - 66 years Sex: M+F Population Size: 68 Sources: |
Hallucinations | 8 patients | 2 mg 1 times / day steady, intravenous Dose: 2 mg, 1 times / day Route: intravenous Route: steady Dose: 2 mg, 1 times / day Sources: |
unhealthy, 17 - 66 years n = 68 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: chronic daily headache and chronic cluster headache Age Group: 17 - 66 years Sex: M+F Population Size: 68 Sources: |
Death | grade 5, 1.6% Disc. AE |
800 mg single, intravenous Overdose Dose: 800 mg Route: intravenous Route: single Dose: 800 mg Sources: |
unhealthy, 57 years n = 1 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: hypertensive, severe precordial pain Age Group: 57 years Sex: M Population Size: 1 Sources: |
Application site irritation | 2 patients Disc. AE |
5 % 1 times / day steady, transdermal Dose: 5 %, 1 times / day Route: transdermal Route: steady Dose: 5 %, 1 times / day Sources: |
unhealthy, adult n = 300 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: post-herpetic neuralgia and diabetic polyneuropathy Age Group: adult Sex: M+F Population Size: 300 Sources: |
Headache | 2 patients Disc. AE |
5 % 1 times / day steady, transdermal Dose: 5 %, 1 times / day Route: transdermal Route: steady Dose: 5 %, 1 times / day Sources: |
unhealthy, adult n = 300 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: post-herpetic neuralgia and diabetic polyneuropathy Age Group: adult Sex: M+F Population Size: 300 Sources: |
Overview
CYP3A4 | CYP2C9 | CYP2D6 | hERG |
---|---|---|---|
OverviewOther
Other Inhibitor | Other Substrate | Other Inducer |
---|---|---|
Drug as perpetrator
Target | Modality | Activity | Metabolite | Clinical evidence |
---|---|---|---|---|
Page: - |
yes [IC50 180 uM] | |||
Page: - |
yes | |||
Page: - |
yes |
Drug as victim
Target | Modality | Activity | Metabolite | Clinical evidence |
---|---|---|---|---|
Page: - |
no | |||
Page: - |
yes | yes (co-administration study) Comment: CYP1A2 is the enzyme principally responsible for the metabolic disposition of lidocaine in subjects with normal liver function. Page: - |
||
Sources: https://helda.helsinki.fi/handle/10138/22479 Page: - |
yes | yes (co-administration study) Comment: Itraconazole and erythromycin had virtually no effect on the pharmacokinetics of intravenous lidocaine, but erythromycin slightly prolonged the elimination half-life (t½) of lidocaine (Study I). When lidocaine was taken orally, both erythromycin and itraconazole increased the peak concentration (Cmax) and the area under the concentration-time curve (AUC) of lidocaine by 40-70% (Study II). Sources: https://helda.helsinki.fi/handle/10138/22479 Page: - |
Tox targets
Target | Modality | Activity | Metabolite | Clinical evidence |
---|---|---|---|---|
Sources: https://europepmc.org/article/med/29908112 Page: - |
PubMed
Title | Date | PubMed |
---|---|---|
Grand mal seizure during cardiopulmonary bypass: probable lidocaine toxicity. | 1999 Apr |
|
Nitric oxide synthesis inhibition modifies the cardiotoxicity of tetracaine and lidocaine. | 1999 Apr |
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[Premixing of 5% dextrose in Ringer's acetate solution with propofol reduces incidence and severity of pain on propofol injection]. | 1999 Aug |
|
Effects of mexiletine on algogenic mediator-induced nociceptive responses in mice. | 1999 Jul-Aug |
|
[Administration of propofol. Addition of lidocaine eases the pain]. | 1999 Jun |
|
Bilateral buttock and leg pain after lidocaine epidural anesthesia. | 1999 May |
|
Spinal nerve function in five volunteers experiencing transient neurologic symptoms after lidocaine subarachnoid anesthesia. | 2000 Mar |
|
TASK-3, a new member of the tandem pore K(+) channel family. | 2000 Mar 31 |
|
The incidence of transient neurological symptoms after spinal anaesthesia with lidocaine compared to prilocaine. | 2000 Oct |
|
The effect of systemic lidocaine on pain and secondary hyperalgesia associated with the heat/capsaicin sensitization model in healthy volunteers. | 2000 Oct |
|
Complications of regional anaesthesia Incidence and prevention. | 2001 |
|
Pain management for neonatal circumcision. | 2001 |
|
[Comment on the article "Use of EMLA cream and ropivacaine indacryocystorhinostomy with locoregional anesthesia and sedation"]. | 2001 Apr |
|
Comparison of topical and intravenous lignocaine with thiopentone for insertion of laryngeal mask airway. | 2001 Apr |
|
A dose-response study of adrenaline combined with lignocaine 2%: effect on acute postoperative pain after oral soft tissue surgery. | 2001 Apr |
|
Topical anesthesia for phacoemulsification and painless subconjunctival antibiotic injection. | 2001 Feb |
|
Articaine hydrochloride: a study of the safety of a new amide local anesthetic. | 2001 Feb |
|
Influence of patient posture on oxygen saturation during fibre-optic bronchoscopy. | 2001 Jan |
|
Hyperpigmentation following the use of Emla cream. | 2001 Jan |
|
Tonic descending facilitation from the rostral ventromedial medulla mediates opioid-induced abnormal pain and antinociceptive tolerance. | 2001 Jan 1 |
|
Comparison of topical EMLA 5% oral adhesive to benzocaine 20% on the pain experienced during palatal anesthetic infiltration in children. | 2001 Jan-Feb |
|
Degeneracy and additional alloreactivity of drug-specific human alpha beta(+) T cell clones. | 2001 Jul |
|
Effects of local anesthetics on the contractility of rat bladders. | 2001 Jun |
|
Reducing postnatal pain from perineal tears by using lignocaine gel: a double-blind randomized trial. | 2001 Mar |
|
Penile lymphoscintigraphy for sentinel node identification. | 2001 May |
Sample Use Guides
In Vivo Use Guide
Curator's Comment: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2004/08816s032lbl.pdf
Therapy of ventricular arrhythmias is often initiated with a single IV bolus of 1.0 to 1.5 mg/kg at a rate of 25 to 50 mg/min. of lidocaine hydrochloride injection. Following acute treatment by bolus in patients in whom arrhythmias tend to recur and who are incapable of receiving oral antiarrhythmic agents, intravenous infusion of Lidocaine Hydrochloride and 5% Dextrose Injection, USP is administered continuously at the rate of 1 to 4 mg/min (0.020 to 0.050 mg/kg/min in the average 70 kg adult). The 0.4% solution (4 mg/mL) can be given at a rate of 15 to 60 mL/hr (0.25 to 1 mL/min). The 0.8% solution (8 mg/mL) can be given at a rate of 7.5 to 30 mL/hr (0.12 to 0.5 mL/min). Precise dosage regimen is determined by patient characteristics and response.
Route of Administration:
Other
In Vitro Use Guide
Sources: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24440379
Cells were prepared by dissociation from T175 cell culture flasks using trypsineEDTA (0.05%), cells were kept in serum free media in the cell hotel on board the QPatch HT. These cells were sampled, washed and re-suspended in extracellular recording solution by the QPatch HT immediately before application to well site on the chip. Once in whole-cell configuration, vehicle (0.1% DMSO v/v) was applied to the cells to achieve a stable control recording (4-min total). This was followed by application of test concentrations as a single bolus addition (4-min incubation per test concentration). Lidocaine were prepared in extracellular recording solution from a 10mM(100% DMSO) stock to yield a final 10 mkM(0.1% DMSO) test concentration from which subsequent serial dilutions in extracellular solution were performed (0.3-10 mkM). Voltage protocols for the sodium channels being screened were designed to reflect the high-frequency, pathophysiological state of the channels that may be therapeutic targets (Nav1.3, Nav1.4 and Nav1.7), and the lowfrequency, physiological state of the safety target (Nav1.5). Currents were elicited from NaV1.3, NaV1.4 and NaV1.7 cell lines using a standard two-pulse voltage protocol. From a holding potential of -100 mV, a 20 ms activating step to -20 mV was applied to assess the effect of compounds on resting (closed) state block. The second activating pulse was applied following a 5-s pre-pulse to half inactivation potential (variable depending on the sodium channel studied, -65 to -75 mV) to assess block on the openinactivated state of the channel. This protocol was applied at a sweep interval of 0.067 Hz throughout the duration of the experiment.
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Classification Tree | Code System | Code | ||
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WHO-ESSENTIAL MEDICINES LIST |
1.2 (LID/EPI)
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WHO-ESSENTIAL MEDICINES LIST |
1.2
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CFR |
21 CFR 348.10
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CFR |
21 CFR 522.810
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NDF-RT |
N0000175976
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NCI_THESAURUS |
C245
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WHO-ATC |
C01BB01
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WHO-ATC |
N01BB02
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WHO-ATC |
C05AD01
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WHO-VATC |
QD04AB01
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CFR |
21 CFR 862.3555
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WHO-VATC |
QC01BB01
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WHO-ATC |
N01BB52
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WHO-VATC |
QS02DA01
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CFR |
21 CFR 346.10
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NDF-RT |
N0000007681
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FDA ORPHAN DRUG |
92395
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WHO-ATC |
D04AB01
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WHO-ATC |
S01HA07
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WHO-VATC |
QN01BB02
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WHO-VATC |
QD04AB51
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WHO-VATC |
QS01HA07
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WHO-ATC |
R02AD02
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NDF-RT |
N0000175426
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CFR |
21 CFR 522.1662B
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WHO-VATC |
QN01BB52
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NDF-RT |
N0000175682
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NCI_THESAURUS |
C93038
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WHO-ESSENTIAL MEDICINES LIST |
12.2
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EMA ASSESSMENT REPORTS |
FORTACIN (AUTHORIZED: SEXUAL DYSFUNCTION, PHYSIOLOGICAL)
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WHO-ATC |
S02DA01
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WHO-VATC |
QC05AD01
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WHO-VATC |
QR02AD02
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Code System | Code | Type | Description | ||
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3350
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205-302-8
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DTXSID1045166
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PRIMARY | |||
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C614
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m6805
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PRIMARY | Merck Index | ||
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3676
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4202
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6387
Created by
admin on Fri Dec 15 15:22:36 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 15:22:36 GMT 2023
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PRIMARY | RxNorm | ||
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LIDOCAINE
Created by
admin on Fri Dec 15 15:22:36 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 15:22:36 GMT 2023
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PRIMARY | Description: A white or slightly yellow, crystalline powder; odour, characteristic. Solubility: Practically insoluble in water; very soluble in ethanol (~750 g/l) TS; freely soluble in benzene R and ether R. Category: Local anaesthetic. Storage: Lidocaine should be kept in a tightly closed container, protected from light. Additional information: Lidocaine causes local numbness after being placed on the tongue. Definition: Lidocaine contains not less than 99.0% and not more than 101.0% of C14H22N2O, calculated with reference to the dried substance. | ||
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1579
Created by
admin on Fri Dec 15 15:22:36 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 15:22:36 GMT 2023
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PRIMARY | |||
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DB00281
Created by
admin on Fri Dec 15 15:22:36 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 15:22:36 GMT 2023
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PRIMARY | |||
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91484-71-8
Created by
admin on Fri Dec 15 15:22:36 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 15:22:36 GMT 2023
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SUPERSEDED | |||
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100000091713
Created by
admin on Fri Dec 15 15:22:36 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 15:22:36 GMT 2023
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PRIMARY | |||
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CHEMBL79
Created by
admin on Fri Dec 15 15:22:36 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 15:22:36 GMT 2023
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PRIMARY | |||
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2623
Created by
admin on Fri Dec 15 15:22:36 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 15:22:36 GMT 2023
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PRIMARY | |||
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98PI200987
Created by
admin on Fri Dec 15 15:22:36 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 15:22:36 GMT 2023
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PRIMARY | |||
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Lidocaine
Created by
admin on Fri Dec 15 15:22:36 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 15:22:36 GMT 2023
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PRIMARY | |||
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40030
Created by
admin on Fri Dec 15 15:22:36 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 15:22:36 GMT 2023
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PRIMARY | |||
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1366002
Created by
admin on Fri Dec 15 15:22:36 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 15:22:36 GMT 2023
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PRIMARY | |||
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98PI200987
Created by
admin on Fri Dec 15 15:22:36 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 15:22:36 GMT 2023
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PRIMARY | |||
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SUB08507MIG
Created by
admin on Fri Dec 15 15:22:36 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 15:22:36 GMT 2023
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PRIMARY | |||
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D008012
Created by
admin on Fri Dec 15 15:22:36 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 15:22:36 GMT 2023
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PRIMARY | |||
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LIDOCAINE
Created by
admin on Fri Dec 15 15:22:36 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 15:22:36 GMT 2023
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PRIMARY | |||
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6456
Created by
admin on Fri Dec 15 15:22:36 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 15:22:36 GMT 2023
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PRIMARY | |||
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137-58-6
Created by
admin on Fri Dec 15 15:22:36 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 15:22:36 GMT 2023
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PRIMARY |
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